Mount CephFS using Kernel Driver

The CephFS kernel driver is part of the Linux kernel. It allows mounting CephFS as a regular file system with native kernel performance. It is the client of choice for most use-cases.

Note

CephFS mount device string now uses a new (v2) syntax. The mount helper (and the kernel) is backward compatible with the old syntax. This means that the old syntax can still be used for mounting with newer mount helpers and kernel. However, it is recommended to use the new syntax whenever possible.

Prerequisites

Complete General Prerequisites

Go through the prerequisites required by both, kernel as well as FUSE mounts, in Mount CephFS: Prerequisites page.

Is mount helper present?

mount.ceph helper is installed by Ceph packages. The helper passes the monitor address(es) and CephX user keyrings, saving the Ceph admin the effort of passing these details explicitly while mounting CephFS. If the helper is not present on the client machine, CephFS can still be mounted using the kernel driver, but only by passing these details explicitly to the mount command. To check whether mount.ceph is present on your system, run the following command:

stat /sbin/mount.ceph

Which Kernel Version?

Because the kernel client is distributed as part of the linux kernel (not as part of packaged ceph releases), you will need to consider which kernel version to use on your client nodes. Older kernels are known to include buggy ceph clients, and may not support features that more recent Ceph clusters support.

Remember that the “latest” kernel in a stable linux distribution is likely to be years behind the latest upstream linux kernel where Ceph development takes place (including bug fixes).

As a rough guide, as of Ceph 10.x (Jewel), you should be using a least a 4.x kernel. If you absolutely have to use an older kernel, you should use the fuse client instead of the kernel client.

This advice does not apply if you are using a linux distribution that includes CephFS support, as in this case the distributor will be responsible for backporting fixes to their stable kernel: check with your vendor.

Synopsis

In general, the command to mount CephFS via kernel driver looks like this:

mount -t ceph {device-string}={path-to-mounted} {mount-point} -o {key-value-args} {other-args}

Mounting CephFS

On Ceph clusters, CephX is enabled by default. Use mount command to mount CephFS with the kernel driver:

mkdir /mnt/mycephfs
mount -t ceph <name>@<fsid>.<fs_name>=/ /mnt/mycephfs

name is the username of the CephX user we are using to mount CephFS. fsid is the FSID of the ceph cluster which can be found using ceph fsid command. fs_name is the file system to mount. The kernel driver requires MON’s socket and the secret key for the CephX user, e.g.:

mount -t ceph cephuser@b3acfc0d-575f-41d3-9c91-0e7ed3dbb3fa.cephfs=/ -o mon_addr=192.168.0.1:6789,secret=AQATSKdNGBnwLhAAnNDKnH65FmVKpXZJVasUeQ==

When using the mount helper, monitor hosts and FSID are optional. mount.ceph helper figures out these details automatically by finding and reading ceph conf file, .e.g:

mount -t ceph cephuser@.cephfs=/ -o secret=AQATSKdNGBnwLhAAnNDKnH65FmVKpXZJVasUeQ==

Note

Note that the dot (.) still needs to be a part of the device string.

A potential problem with the above command is that the secret key is left in your shell’s command history. To prevent that you can copy the secret key inside a file and pass the file by using the option secretfile instead of secret:

mount -t ceph cephuser@.cephfs=/ /mnt/mycephfs -o secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephuser.secret

Ensure the permissions on the secret key file are appropriate (preferably, 600).

Multiple monitor hosts can be passed by separating each address with a /:

mount -t ceph cephuser@.cephfs=/ /mnt/mycephfs -o mon_addr=192.168.0.1:6789/192.168.0.2:6789,secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephuser.secret

In case CephX is disabled, you can omit any credential related options:

mount -t ceph cephuser@.cephfs=/ /mnt/mycephfs

Note

The ceph user name still needs to be passed as part of the device string.

To mount a subtree of the CephFS root, append the path to the device string:

mount -t ceph cephuser@.cephfs=/subvolume/dir1/dir2 /mnt/mycephfs -o secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephuser.secret

Backward Compatibility

The old syntax is supported for backward compatibility.

To mount CephFS with the kernel driver:

mkdir /mnt/mycephfs
mount -t ceph :/ /mnt/mycephfs -o name=admin

The key-value argument right after option -o is CephX credential; name is the username of the CephX user we are using to mount CephFS.

To mount a non-default FS cephfs2, in case the cluster has multiple FSs:

mount -t ceph :/ /mnt/mycephfs -o name=admin,fs=cephfs2

or

mount -t ceph :/ /mnt/mycephfs -o name=admin,mds_namespace=cephfs2

Note

The option mds_namespace is deprecated. Use fs= instead when using the old syntax for mounting.

Unmounting CephFS

To unmount the Ceph file system, use the umount command as usual:

umount /mnt/mycephfs

Tip

Ensure that you are not within the file system directories before executing this command.

Persistent Mounts

To mount CephFS in your file systems table as a kernel driver, add the following to /etc/fstab:

{name}@.{fs_name}=/ {mount}/{mountpoint} ceph [mon_addr={ipaddress},secret=secretkey|secretfile=/path/to/secretfile],[{mount.options}]  {fs_freq}  {fs_passno}

For example:

cephuser@.cephfs=/     /mnt/ceph    ceph    mon_addr=192.168.0.1:6789,noatime,_netdev    0       0

If the secret or secretfile options are not specified then the mount helper will attempt to find a secret for the given name in one of the configured keyrings.

See User Management for details on CephX user management and mount.ceph manual for more options it can take. For troubleshooting, see Kernel mount debugging.